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Dichotomous Leaf Key

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tree

A tree generally has a single upright stem and reaches a height of 20 feet.

Some species are shrubs in harsh climates and trees in moderate climates.

shrub Shrubs are low branching, suckering, or have multiple stems and do not reach 20 feet in height.
bramble Most people recognize brambles, which include roses and blackberries.
vine Vines require some extra help for support. They hold on to the support by twining, growing tendrils, or aerial roots.
My leaf is from a tree
My leaf is from a shrub
My leaf is from a bramble, rose, or soft-wooded shrub with arching canes
My leaf is from a climbing or scrambling vine
cactus

Cacti do have leaves - they are reduced to spines.

palm Palms are common in warm regions.
yucca Yuccas can be found in many loacations but are more common is deserts.
slender or scaly vine Slender or Scaly leaves can be found on pines, junipers, and other genera.
broadleaf Broadleaf includes genera with narrow leaves, such as the willows.
Broad leaves
Slender or scaly leaves
My leaf is palm-like
My leaf is slender and strap-like (the yuccas)
I have a cactus, with leaves that are reduced to spines

Slender or Scaly Leaves

Long and slender needles can be single or in clusters.

single needles or clusters
Short, stiff needles can be scale-like or sharp and awl-like.
scale foliage or awl foliage
Needle-like, long and slender
Scale-like or awl-like (short, sharp and stiff)

Single or Clustered Long Slender Leaves?

Trees with single needles can be distinguished by how the needles are attached to the twig. Yew and Douglas-fir have tiny petioles (leaf stalks). Spruce needles grow on woody pegs. Firs have a swollen "suction cup" at the base of the needle.
petiolate sterigmata suction cups
Pines have needles in clusters or bundles called fascicles. A quick and easy way to distinguish between the pines is to count the needles in the fascicle.
fascicles of 2 fascicles of 3 fascicles of 2 and 3 fascicles of 5
My leaves appear in clusters called fascicles (the pines)
I have single needles that do not appear in clusters

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