Hornbeam is a small tree of bottomland forests and mesic uplands of the eastern US.
Light 
Hornbeam is not generally intentionally regenerated.
Water
Hornbeam is generally found on moist, rich sites, mainly along streams. Hornbeam is quite shade tolerant and may be found in the understory of hardwoods.
Growth
Size
A small, nearly shrubby tree reaching up to 25 feet tall with a rounded crown and a twisted trunk.
Timber Value 
Also known as ironwood, the wood is heavy, hard, and close-grained. It is used for a variety of specialty tools, including for hornbeams once used to yoke oxen together.
Wildlife Value 
This tree is of secondary importance for wildlife. Seeds and twigs are eaten, but not preferred.
Attracts grouse, pheasant, bobwhite, ducks
Fun Facts
Hornbeam is also called muscle wood. The wood is very hard, close grained, and is used for a variety of specialty items including hammer handles. However, due to the poor form and small size, this tree is of little commercial importance.
Latin Meaning
Carpinus: Latin name of European hornbeam/ of Carolina /
caroliniana: Latin name of European hornbeam/ of Carolina
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